Tuesday, July 24, 2007

Understanding Web Addresses

Think of the World Wide Web as a network of electronic files stored on millions of computers all around the world. Hypertext links these resources together. Uniform Resource Locators or URLs are the addresses used to locate the files. The information contained in a URL gives you the ability to jump from one web page to another with just a click of your mouse. When you type a URL into your browser or click on a hypertext link, your browser sends a request to a remote computer, called a web server, to download one or more files. Every URL is unique and identifies one specific file.

What does a typical URL look like? Here are a few examples:

The home page for Learn the Net.
ftp://rtfm.mit. edu/pub/
A directory of files at MIT available for downloading.
news:rec.gardens. roses
A newsgroup on rose gardening.
The first part of a URL (before the two slashes) tells you the type of resource or method of access at that address. For example:

  • http - a hypertext document or directory
  • gopher - a gopher document or menu
  • ftp - a file available for downloading or a directory of these files
  • news - a newsgroup
  • telnet - a computer system that you can log into over the Internet
  • WAIS - a database or document in a Wide Area Information Search database
  • file - a file located on a local drive, for instance, the hard drive of your computer
The second part is typically the address of the computer where the data or service is located. Additional parts may specify the name of a file, the port to connect to, or the text to search for in a database
You enter the URL of a site by typing it into the Address bar of your web browser, located just under the toolbar.

Browsers can store the URLs that you want to revisit again by adding them to a special list. Netscape Navigator terms it Bookmarks; Microsoft Explorer terms it Favorites. Once you add a URL to your list, you return to that web page simply by clicking on the name in your list, instead of retyping the entire URL.

Most of the URLs you will use start with http, which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the method by which HTML files are transferred over the Web. Here are some other things to know about URLs:

  • A URL usually has no spaces.
  • A URL always uses forward slashes (//).
  • If you type a URL incorrectly, your browser will not be able to locate the site or resource you want. Should you get an error message or access the wrong site, make sure you spelled the address correctly.
  • You can find the URL behind any link by placing your cursor over the link. The pointer turns into a hand and the URL appears in your browser's status bar, usually located at the bottom of your browser window.
How the Web Works
The World Wide Web is the most popular part of the Internet by far. Once you spend time on the Web you will begin to feel like there is no limit to what you can discover. The Web allows rich and diverse communication by enabling you to access and interact with text, graphics, animation, photos, audio and video.

So just what is this miraculous creation? On the simplest level, the Web physically consists of your personal computer, web browser software, a connection to an Internet service provider, computers called servers that host digital data, and routers and switches to direct the flow of information.

The Web is known as a client-server system. Your computer is the client; the remote computers that store electronic files are the servers. Here's how it works:

Let's say you want to visit the the Louvre museum website. First you enter the address or URL of the website in your web browser (more about this shortly). Then your browser requests the web page from the web server that hosts the Louvre's site. The server sends the data over the Internet to your computer. Your web browser interprets the data, displaying it on your computer screen.

The Louvre's website also has links to the sites of other museums, such as the Vatican Museum. When you click on that link, you access the web server for the Vatican Museum. In this way, information scattered across the globe can be linked together.

The "glue" that holds the Web together is called hypertext and hyperlinks. This feature allows electronic files on the Web to be linked so you can jump easily between them. On the Web, you navigate through pages of information- -commonly known as browsing or surfing--based on what interests you at that particular moment.

To access the Web you need a web browser, such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer. How does your web browser distinguish between web pages and other types of data on the Internet? Web pages are written in a computer language called Hypertext Markup Language or HTML.

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How MP3 Files Work


The MP3 movement is one of the most amazing phenomena that the music industry has ever seen. Unlike other movements -- for example, the introduction of the cassette tape or the CD -- the MP3 movement started not with the industry itself but with a huge audience of music lovers on the Internet. The MP3 format for digital music has had, and will continue to have, a huge impact on how people collect, listen to and distribute music.
If you have ever wondered how MP3 files work, or if you have heard about MP3 files and wondered how to use them yourself, then this article is for you! In this article, you will learn about the MP3 file format and how you can start downloading, listening to and saving MP3 files onto CDs!


The MP3 Format

If you have read How CDs Work, then you know something about how CDs store music. A CD stores a song as digital information. The data on a CD uses an uncompressed, high-resolution format. Here's what happens when a CD is created:
  • Music is sampled 44,100 times per second. The samples are 2 bytes (16 bits) long.
  • Separate samples are taken for the left and right speakers in a stereo system.
So a CD stores a huge number of bits for each second of music:
44,100 samples/second * 16 bits/sample * 2 channels = 1,411,200 bits per second
Considering an iPod?
What makes the iPod such a great MP3 player? Do you know which iPod is best for your lifestyle? Find out at StuffGuide.com.
Let's break that down: 1.4 million bits per second equals 176,000 bytes per second. If an average song is three minutes long, then the average song on a CD consumes about 32 million bytes of space. That's a lot of space for one song, and it's especially large when you consider that over a 56K modem, it would take close to two hours to download that one song.
The MP3 format is a compression system for music. The MP3 format helps reduce the number of bytes in a song without hurting the quality of the song's sound. The goal of the MP3 format is to compress a CD-quality song by a factor of 10 to 14 without noticably affecting the CD-quality sound. With MP3, a 32-megabyte (MB) song on a CD compresses down to about 3 MB. This lets you download a song in minutes rather than hours, and store hundreds of songs on your computer's hard disk without taking up that much space.
Is it possible to compress a song without hurting its quality? We use compression algorithms for images all the time. For example, a GIF file is a compressed image. So is a JPG file. We create Zip files to compress text. So we are familiar with compression algorithms for images and words and we know they work. To make a good compression algorithm for sound, a technique called perceptual noise shaping is used. It is "perceptual" partly because the MP3 format uses characteristics of the human ear to design the compression algorithm. For example:
  • There are certain sounds that the human ear cannot hear.
  • There are certain sounds that the human ear hears much better than others.
  • If there are two sounds playing simultaneously, we hear the louder one but cannot hear the softer one.
Using facts like these, certain parts of a song can be eliminated without significantly hurting the quality of the song for the listener. Compressing the rest of the song with well-known compression techniques shrinks the song considerably -- by a factor of 10 at least. (If you would like to learn more about the specific compression algorithms, see the links at the end this article.) When you are done creating an MP3 file, what you have is a "near CD quality" song. The MP3 version of the song does not sound exactly the same as the original CD song because some of it has been removed, but it's very close.
From this description, you can see that MP3 is nothing magical. It is simply a file format that compresses a song into a smaller size so it is easier to move around on the Internet and store.

Using the MP3 Format

Knowing about the MP3 format isn't half as interesting as using it. The MP3 movement -- consisting of the MP3 format and the Web's ability to advertise and distribute MP3 files -- has done several things for music:
  • It has made it easy for anyone to distribute music at nearly no cost (or for free).
  • It has made it easy for anyone to find music and access it instantly.
  • It has taught people a great deal about manipulating sound on a computer.

Technology has made it easier to download and play your favorite music.
That third one was accidental but important. A big part of the MP3 movement is the fact that it has brought an incredible array of powerful tools to desktop computers and given people a reason to learn how they work. Because of these tools, it is now extremely easy for you to:
  • Download an MP3 file from a Web site and play it
  • Rip a song from a music CD and play it directly or encode it as an MP3 file
  • Record a song yourself, convert it to an MP3 file and make it available to the world
  • Convert MP3 files into CD files and create your own audio CDs from MP3 files on the Web
  • Rip songs off of various music CDs and recombine them into your own custom CDs
  • Store hundreds of MP3 files on data CDs
  • Load MP3 files into tiny portable players and listen to them wherever you go
To do all of these amazing things, all you need is a computer with a sound card and speakers, an Internet connection, a CD-R drive to create CDs and an MP3 player. If you simply want to download MP3 files from the Web and listen to them, then all you need is a computer with a sound card and speakers and an Internet connection -- things you probably already have!
Let's look at many of the different things you can do with MP3 files and the software that makes it possible

Downloading and Listening

If you would like to download and then listen to MP3 files on your computer, then you need:
  • A computer
  • A sound card and speakers for the computer (If your computer has speakers, it has a sound card.)
  • An Internet connection (If you are browsing the Web to read this article, then you have an Internet connection and it is working fine.)
  • An MP3 player (a software application you can download from the Web in 10 minutes)
If you have recently purchased a new computer, chances are it already has software that can play MP3 files installed on its hard disk. The easiest way to find out if you already have an MP3 player installed is to download an MP3 file and try to double-click on it. If it plays, you are set. If not, you need to download a player, which is very easy to do.
There are literally thousands of sites on the Web where you can download MP3 files. ( Click here to do a search for MP3 download sites.) Go to one of these sites, find a song and download it to your hard disk (most MP3 sites let you either listen to the song as a streaming file or download it -- you want to download). Most songs range between 2 and 4 MB, so it will take 10 to 15 minutes unless you have a high-speed Internet connection. Once the song has finished downloading, try to double-click on the file and see what happens. If your computer plays it, then you are set.
If you find that you cannot play it, then you need to download an MP3 player. There are dozens of players available, and most of them are free or shareware (shareware is extremely inexpensive). One of the most popular is WinAmp, which you can download from www.winamp.com .
You are now ready to begin collecting MP3 files and saving them on your computer. Many people have hundreds of songs they have collected, and they create jukebox-like playlists so that their computer can play them all day long!
Taking the Files With You
Many people who start collecting MP3 files find that they want to listen to them in all kinds of places. Small, portable MP3 players answer this need. These players are like portable cassette players except that they are smaller.
These players plug into your computer's parallel, FireWire or USB port to transfer the data, and a software application lets you transfer your MP3s into the player by simply dragging the files. See How MP3 Players Work for details.

Creating Your Own

If you have a CD collection and would like to convert songs from your CDs into MP3 files, you can use ripper and encoder software to do just that. A ripper copies the song's file from the CD onto your hard disk. The encoder compresses the song into the MP3 format. By encoding songs, you can play them on your computer or take them with you on your MP3 player.
This page contains a list of some rippers and encoders.
Writing MP3s to CDs
If you have a writable CD drive in your computer, there are two ways to save your MP3 files on a CD:
  • You can write the MP3 files themselves onto a data CD in order to save them and clear some space on your hard disk. You can then listen to the files on any computer. Some car stereos and DVD players now let you play data-encoded MP3s, too.
  • You can convert (decode) your MP3 files into full-size CD tracks and then save them to an audio CD. This allows you to listen to your MP3 files on any CD player.
WinAmp has a plug-in that creates full-size WAV files from MP3 files, and some of the encoders will also decode. Once you have the full-size CD tracks, then the software that comes with your CD-R drive will let you create an audio CD easily.
The CD-Recordable FAQ is an excellent source of information on getting data and music onto a CD.

Distributing Original Music

If you are an artist who is recording music at home or in a small studio, you can use MP3 files and the Web to distribute your music to an extremely large audience. The first step is to create a song, either on a cassette tape, minidisc or CD. If it is on a CD, you can use the ripper and encoder tools described in the previous section to create an MP3 file. If it is on a cassette (or minidisc), you can connect the output of your cassette (or minidisc) deck to the line-in or microphone jack of your sound card and record the music digitally on your computer. Then you can encode that file to create the MP3.
Once you have an MP3 file in hand, you have two distribution options:
  • You can go to an MP3-distribution site and let them distribute your music. The advantage of this approach is that large MP3-distribution sites gets millions of visitors every month, so the potential audience you can reach is very large.
    Music.Download.com is expected to launch in 2004. You'll be able to upload MP3s here and share them with a lot of people. In the meantime, you can receive updates by submitting your e-mail address.
  • You can create your own Web site for your music or band and promote the site yourself. This gives you more control and individuality, but requires you to get the word out on your own. See How Web Pages Work for details on creating and hosting your own Web site.
One good option is to make your MP3 files available on a large Web site and then link to the download area from your band's Web site. This lets you get the best of both worlds, and you can take advantage of the larger site's servers for those big MP3 files.
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MS Office TIPS

Key Combinations For The Open & Save As Windows
Do you find that when using the Open and Save As windows in your MS Office Suite programs you're constantly creating new folders, navigating through your system, etc?
Are you a person who loves to use the keyboard shortcuts instead of the mouse? Looking for a few key combinations to help you out in the Open and Save As windows?
If you're answering "Yes" then here's a quick list that may help you in that endeavor.
If you've been moving through your folders then Alt + 1 will move you back to the previous folder.
Want to move up one folder level regardless of prior movements? Try Alt + 2.
Alt + 3 will start a Web search using your default search engine.
To delete a file you can use either Alt + 4 or the Delete button.
A new folder is created with Alt + 5.
Repeatedly using Alt + 6 will cycle through the view options of that window.
And last, but not least, Alt + 7 will display the Tools menu where you can then use the arrow keys to highlight your choice followed by the Enter key to make the selection complete.
Just seven more key combinations to add to your ever-growing list in your attempt to become mouse-free!
Office Tip of the Day
Outlook Startup Options
Do you use MS Outlook primarily for something other than email? Is your routine to boot up the computer, open Outlook and immediately switch from you Inbox to the calendar, or maybe the tasks section?
Wouldn't it be nice to bypass the Inbox and have Outlook startup in the place you need it the most?
Yeah, me too. So after a reader's question came in I did some research and it seems that we can take control of Outlook and choose what function appears at startup.
Interested in the how-to?
Good. Then let's get started.
With Outlook running you'll need to go to the Tools menu, Options choice.
When the Options window opens you're looking for the Other tab, General section, Advanced Options button.
When you get to the Advanced Options window you should find at the very top (in the General Settings section) a field labeled as "Startup in this folder".
Use the drop down list to choose which Outlook function you want the program to open to first then click OK.
Click OK again in the Options window.
Now, just to test, close Outlook and then restart the program.
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Windows aero

Windows Aero

Windows Aero is the new hardware-based graphical user interface in Windows Vista. Its name is an acronym for Authentic, Energetic, Reflective and Open. Intended to be a cleaner, more powerful, more efficient and more aesthetically pleasing user interface, it also includes new transparencies, animations and eye candy. Since mid-2005, Microsoft has gradually added elements of Aero to released Windows Vista builds. Build 5270 (released in December 2005) contained an implementation of Aero which was virtually complete, according to sources at Microsoft, though minor stylistic changes were introduced between then and the operating system's release.

What is Windows AERO?

  • A facelift for XP's Luna desktop
  • Microsoft's code name for the Vista Shell
  • Extra visual clues giving more data about an icon
  • New glass, or translucent effect for Vista's menus and desktop
  • More intuitive toolbars and navigation
  • Sharper and faster movie action
  • High resolution graphics
  • Cleverer graphics engine from the Windows Presentation Foundation
  • Windows AERO is a fantastic new 'Theme' for Vista

Windows Aero is an environment with an additional level of visual sophistication, one that is even more responsive and manageable, providing a further level of clarity and confidence to Windows users.
Windows Vista Aero provides spectacular visual effects such as glass-like interface elements that you can see through.
Windows Aero is only available in four of the five primary Windows Vista product editions. The Home Premium, Business, Enterprise, and Ultimate editions provide Windows Aero. Home Basic will provide the Windows Basic user interface.
To make sure you get the most out of Windows Vista, use the following guidelines:
  • To access Aero and other premium benefits, Microsoft recommends a system designated as Premium Ready.
  • For an improved experience of Aero and other key Windows Vista features, it recommends configuring your Premium Ready system with 1 GB dual-channel (2-DIMMS) RAM and a premium 128 MB graphics card from ATI or nVidia.
  • To help further optimize your Windows Vista experience, it is better you , have a system with 2 GB dual-channel (2-DIMMS) RAM and a premium 256 MB graphics card from ATI or nVidia.
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Top 10 Best Performing IT (india)

Top 10 Best Performing IT
Services Firms

1. HCL Technologies Ltd.
2. Wipro Ltd.
3. Satyam Computer Services Ltd.
4. Cognizant Technology Solutions
5. Mindtree Consulting Pvt. Ltd.
6. IBM
7. Tata Consultancy Services
8. Infosys
9. Perot Systems Corporation
10. Patni Computer Systems Ltd.

Top 10 Best Performing
BPO Providers

1. Affiliated Computer Services (ACS)
2. Genpact
3. Cambridge Solutions Ltd.
4. IBM
5. Accenture
6. WNS Global Services Ltd.
7. ExlService Holdings Inc.
8. Hewlett Packard
9. SPI Technologies
10. Symphony Services

Top 10 Best Performing
Infrastructure Service Providers

1. IBM
2. HCL Technologies Ltd.
3. Infosys
4. EDS
5. Tata Consultancy Services
6. Affiliated Computer Services
7. HP
8. Wipro
9. Perot Systems
10. Satyam

Top 10 Best Performing
Call Center Firms

1. Stream International
2. 24/7 CUSTOMER
3. vCustomer Corp.
4. eTelecare Global Solutions
5. ClientLogic
6. ICT Group Inc.
7. Sutherland Global Services Inc.
8. Hinduja TMT Ltd.
9. IBM (Daksh)
10. ICICI OneSource


Top 10 Speciality Application
Development Leaders

1. Polaris Software Lab Ltd.
2. Larsen & Toubro Infotech Ltd.
3. I-flex Solutions Ltd.
4. Ness Technologies Inc.
5. ITC Infotech India Ltd.
6. IBA Group
7. CPM
8. Sierra Atlantic Inc.
9. EPAM Systems
10. Hexaware/Caliber Point Business Solutions
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Windows XP - Secrets

Deleting System Softwares:

Microsoft reserves 20% of your available bandwidth for their own purposes like Windows Updates and interrogating your PC etc

To get it back:

Click Start then Run and type " gpedit.msc" without quotes.This opens the group policy editor. Then go to:
Local Computer Policy then Computer Configuration then Administrative Templates then Network then QOS Packet Scheduler and then to Limit Reservable Bandwidth.
Double click on Limit Reservable bandwidth. It will say it is not configured, but the truth is under the 'Explain' tab i.e."By default, the Packet Scheduler limits the system to 20 percent of the bandwidth of a connection, but you can use this setting to override the default."
So the trick is to ENABLE reservable bandwidth, then set it to ZERO. This will allow the system to reserve nothing, rather than the default 20%.It works on Win 2000 as well.

Renaming The Recycle Bin icon:
Managing Tasks:
Improving the Slow Boot up time:
There are a variety of reasons why your windows XP system would boot slowly. Most of the times it this has to do with the startup applications. If you would like to speed up the bootup sequence, consider removing some of the startup applications that you do not need. Easiest way to remove startup apps is through System Configuration Utility. Go to Start then Run and enter MSCONFIG and go to the Startup tab. Deselect/UnCheck application( s) that you do not want to startup at boot time.
Customize Logon prompt with your Own Words:
Open Registry by going to Start then Run, entering regedit and Navigate to [HKEY_LOCAL_ MACHINE\SOFTWARE \Microsoft\ Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ Winlogon] . In right pane, look for key by the name "LogonPrompt" . Set its value to whatever text you want to see displayed at login screen.
IP address of your connection:
Go to Start then Run. Enter 'cmd' and then enter 'ipconfig' .Add the '/all' switch for more info .
Making Folders Private:
Open My Computer Double-click the drive where Windows is installed (usually drive (C:), unless you have more than one drive on your computer). If the contents of the drive are hidden, under System Tasks, click Show the contents of this drive.
Double-click the Documents and Settings folder. Double-click your user folder. Right-click any folder in your user profile, and then click Properties. On the Sharing tab, select the Make this folder private so that only I have access to it check box.
To change Drive Letters:
Go to Start > Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Computer Management, Disk Management, then right-click the partition whose name you want to change (click in the white area just below the word "Volume") and select "change drive letter and paths."
From here you can add, remove or change drive letters and paths to the partition.
Removing the Shortcut arrow from Desktop Icons:
Goto Start then Run and Enter regedit. Navigate to HKEY_CLASSES_ ROOTlnkfile. Delete the IsShortcut registry value. You may need to restart Windows XP.
Get Drivers for your Devices:
Visit Windows Update (XP Only)
Look at the left hand pane and under Other Options click Personalize Windows Update.
Now in the right hand pane check the box - Display the link to the Windows Update Catalog under See Also
Below Choose which categories and updates to display on Windows Update - make sure you check all the boxes you want shown.
Click Save Settings
Now look in the left hand pane under See Also click Windows Update Catalog and choose what you're looking for. Choose either MS updates or drivers for hardware devices.
Start the Wizard and off you go.
Customize Internet Explorer's Title Bar:
Open Registry by going to Start then Run and Enter regedit. Navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_ USER\Software\ Microsoft\ Internet. Explorer\Main. In right hand panel look for string "Window Title" and change its value to whatever custom text you want to see.
Disabling the use of Win Key:
If your are a gaming freak then you must be sick of the Win key in your keyboard. To disable use of Win key, open registry by going to Start then Run and entering regedit. Navigate to [HKEY_LOCAL_ MACHINE\SYSTEM\ CurrentControlSe t\Control\ Keyboard Layout] . In this look for value of "Scancode Map". Its binary data so be extra careful:
Set its value to "00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 5B E0 00 00 5C E0 00 00 00 00" to disable the win key.
Restarting Windows without Restarting the Computer:
This one is again is. When you click on the SHUTDOWN button, make sure to simultaneous press SHIFT Button. If you hold the Shift key down while clicking on SHUTDOWN button, you computer would restart without restarting the Computer. This is equivalent to term "HOT REBOOT".
Stopping XP from displaying unread messages count on Welcome Screen:
To stop XP from displaying count of unread messages, Open registry and navigate to [HKEY_CURRENT_ USER\Software\ Microsoft\ Windows\CurrentV ersion\UnreadMai l] and look for the data key "MessageExpiryDays" . If you do not see this key, create one DWORD key by the name "MessageExpiryDays" . Setting its value to 0 would stop Windows XP from displaying the count of unread messages.
Modify Color Selection of Default Theme:
Open registry by going to Start then Run. Entering regedit, navigate to [HKEY_USERS\ .DEFAULT\ Software\ Microsoft\ Windows\CurrentV ersion\ThemeMana ger] and locate the key "ColorName".
Right Click on it and select modify its value from "NormalColor" to "Metallic"
Click Ok, and exit regedit and restart your computer.
Removing the Recycle Bin from the Desktop:
If you don't use the Recycle Bin to store deleted files , you can get rid of its desktop icon all together. Run Regedit and go to:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/ SOFTWARE/ Microsoft/ Windows/CurrentV ersion/explorer/ Desktop/NameSpac e
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10 secrets for Windows users.

Here are 10 additional ways to make life with Windows easier and more productive.

1. If you have a "wheel mouse,'' skip the rolling scrolling stuff and turn the wheel into a useful button. I have mine set up to perform a left double click when I do a single click on the wheel button. I'm not young any more, and double-clicking isn't as easy as it used to be. So clicking that middle button for a left double click is a big plus me. (Your mouse software should let you change the behavior of the wheel. If it doesn't, get a Microsoft Intellimouse. It has the right software options in addition to being a great mouse.)

2. Give the keyboard a boost. Open the Control Panel (under "Settings'' in the Start Menu) and double click on the Keyboard icon. Slide the "Repeat Delay'' and "Repeat Rate'' controls all the way to the right. This will make the keyboard much faster, and it even speeds up scrolling with the mouse.

3. Click your right mouse button on a file whenever you're not sure what to do with it. You'll see a list of choices. This can save you a lot of fiddling.

4. Switch your folders to "Details'' view so you can quickly sort the listing. Choose "Details" from the "View" menu at the top of any Windows folder. (Folders are windows that show you what's in your computer. Double clicking on "My Computer'' opens a folder, for example.) Sort the list in a "Details'' view by clicking on the heading for that part of the list. Clicking "Modified'' sorts the contents by the modification date (latest or oldest first), for example. And clicking again on the same heading reverses the sort.

5. Save your wrist, Part 1. You can do a lot of things easier from the keyboard than by dragging your mouse. Here are three: To put something in the Recycle Bin, select it and press the Delete key; to close a program, press Alt-F4; and to select everything (in a program such as a word processor or in a folder window), press Ctrl-A.

6. Save your wrist, Part 2. Pesky messages that come up on your screen usually can be closed with a single whack of the Esc key. Don't bother clicking your mouse.

7. Reboot early and often. Windows runs out of its disappointingly small "system" memory pool (called resource memory) all too readily, leading to lockups and crashes. Adding memory chips doesn't help. Rebooting is the only way to get that memory back.

8. Enjoy a real-estate boom. Get more windows to fit on your screen. If you have a 17-inch (or larger) PC monitor, drop the two drecky screen resolutions and switch to 1024 by 768. (The two yucky ones are 640 by 480 and 800 by 600.) Right click on the desktop and click "Properties,'' then "Settings.'' Slide the control over to 1024 by 768. If you have a really big monitor, see if you can choose an even higher setting for resolution. One of my 21-inch monitors is set for 1200 by 1024 and the other is set for 1600 by 1200. I wouldn't switch back to a lower resolution if you paid me.

9. Toss your cookies. We could argue forever over which rock'n' roll band is the greatest of all time and which kind of coffee is the best, but nobody could argue about the best way to control Web cookies in Windows. The winner by far is Cookie Pal. Don't leave your home page without it. Get it from http://www.kburra. com/.

10. Down with the load. Make life easier when you download files by making a folder where you can find them. Double click on "My Computer" and then double click on the C: drive. Right click inside the C: drive window and create a new folder with the name "Downloads." The next time you are about to download a file, RIGHT CLICK on the link and tell Windows to put the file in the "Downloads" folder. All subsequent downloads will go there automatically.
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